Deposition Section Bismuth
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- Deposition Section Bismuth
(a) X-ray diffraction pattern of bismuth triiodide thin films deposited on Z-cut quartz, 211 Precision glass, 7059 Corning glass, 〈111〉 silicon and fused silica (normalized at (003) peak).b
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The results indicated that the inlet section had a high concentration and deposition rate. At the inlet, the deposition rate in LBE was higher than SCO 2. Specifically, particle deposition in LBE was concentrated mainly in the inlet section, while it occurred throughout the entire channel in SCO 2. An increase of particle diameter and ...
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The double deposition and stripping steps were proposed to increase the sensitivity in anodic stripping voltammetry of lead and cadmium. Two in situ plated bismuth film electrodes at drastically different surface areas were used for the measurements. Cadmium and lead were at first deposited at the electrode with a large surface area.
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In this study, Bi2Te3 thin films were deposited on SiO2/Si(100) substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) at 250 C. The films were then annealed in-situ in the deposition chamber at various ...
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Bismuth germanate (Bi 4 Ge 3 O 12, BGO) is a widely used optical sensing material with a high electro-optic coefficient, ideal for optical electric field sensors. Achieving high precision in electric field sensing requires fabricating optical waveguides on BGO.
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Surface morphology of bismuth telluride films was observed with a field emission SEM (JEOL, JSM-6700 F) operating at 5 kV and crystallinity was characterized with a X-ray diffraction system (Philips, X'pert APD) in the conventional θ − 2θ mode by use of the Cu K α1 line for the X-ray source. Electrical transport properties were measured …
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Section snippets Experimental details. Bismuth telluride thin films were deposited on SiO 2 (300 nm)/Si (1 0 0) substrates (size of 15 × 15 mm 2) at T s of 30–380 °C and P Ar of 80 Pa using PLD. The substrate was heated and maintained at desired T s using a thermocouple and a PID temperature controller. The thermocouple was buried …
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Here, we developed the new deposition method to deposit Bi 2 S 3 thin films. It used separate cationic and anionic precursor solutions similarly as SILAR but …
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This paper reports corrosion and deposition data from tests carried out with liquid eutectic lead–bismuth (Pb–55 at.% Bi) filled steel tubes (austenitic and martensitic) under a thermal gradient (500–280 °C) for 3000 h. For the austenitic steel, the surface exposed to Pb–55Bi exhibited a ferritic corrosion layer depleted in nickel and chromium …
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The electrodeposition of Bi from acidic nitrate solution was examined. Bismuth deposition was determined to be quasi-reversible on Au, with a current efficiency of , based …
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Bismuth telluride films were prepared on the quartz glass by magnetron sputtering at various temperatures. Co-sputtering method with the alloying Bi 2 Te 3 and Te targets was adopted to adjust the content of Te. The influence of Te content and deposition temperature on microstructure and thermoelectric performance was …
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1. Introduction. Bismuth, recognized as a strategic metal, finds extensive application across various domains such as chemical engineering [1], metallurgy [2], lead-free radiation shielding [3], semiconductors [4], ceramics [5], biomedicine [6], energy storage [7], and 3D [8].In 2017 and 2018, bismuth was designated a critical raw …
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The deposited film thickness is pre-determined by the cathodic charge consumed in the deposition process assuming current efficiency which is Q = 1.66 C/μm/cm 2.The deposited film thickness was found to be around 95% of the calculated film thickness which is in line with that reported by other studies [10].Due to the strong …
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Section snippets Experimental. Bismuth thin films were grown with a RF magnetron sputtering system, shown in Fig. 1. High purity bismuth (99.999%) target with a diameter of 2 in. was used as the source material and films were deposited on glass substrates.The distance between the target and the substrate was kept at 50 mm and …
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Here, the atomic layer deposition of bismuth vanadates is reported from BiPh3, vanadium(V) oxytriisopropoxide, and water. The resulting films have tunable stoichiometry and may be crystallized to form the photoactive scheelite structure of BiVO4 . A selective etching process was used with vanadium-rich depositions to enable the …
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Structures and electric properties of cubic bismuth based pyrochlore thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition. ... Section snippets ... [16], chemical solution process [17,18], pulsed laser deposition [19–22], metal organic chemical vapor deposition [23] and magnetron sputtering [7,24–26]. The magnetron sputtering is a high-speed …
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Fig. 1 shows the XPS spectra of Bi, Ge and Te for the four thin films on polyimide. The atomic% of the four thin films were extracted from fitted XPS spectra and shown in Table 1.For the as-deposited BiTe film, bismuth is bound to tellurium in the ratio of 1:1, and a small amount of bismuth is bound to oxygen at a low percentage (< 4 …
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The absorptivity of the 5 μm thick Bi films is 40.3% and 30.7% for 10 keV and 15.6 keV X-ray radiation respectively, which shows that Bi films are a good …
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1. Introduction. The lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE), composed of lead and bismuth, has potential promising in development of nuclear power, which has been proposed as one of Generation IV reactor system [1, 2].LBE has a weak neutron absorption and slowing ability, enabling reactors to have better fuel multiplication and waste …
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Wet chemical syntheses of nanomaterials and especially of thin-film coatings with controllable morphology, structure and composition are very promising for industrial applications due to their inherent simplicity and low cost, provided that the performance of the synthesized nanomaterials can match those achieved with vacuum-based depositions.
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Bismuth oxide thin films still prove attractive to both scientists and engineers due to their semiconducting behavior, large energy bandgap and high refractive index, despite their often complex structure, both polymorphic and polycrystalline. We present here a summary and a comparison of the morpho-structural and optical …
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With Josephson interferometry, we demonstrate their universal topological contribution to the electronic transport. Our work establishes bismuth as a higher-order …
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Lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) and supercritical CO2 (SCO2) heat exchangers are highly recommended and designed due to their compactness and high thermal efficiency. During heat exchanger operation, however, undesired particle impurities are generated, which deposit on the surface and degrade heat transfer. To predict the deposition distribution, …
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the cross section image of ANCA-Bi, and the measured. ... We study the physical-vapor-deposition of 1D bismuth nanostructures. Bi nanowire elongating along [012] and/or [110] direction as well as ...
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Metal organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) method was used to prepare thin films of bismuth based nano particles starting from bismuth salts. Nano sized bismuth oxy chloride ... Section snippets Experimental. Bismuth based nanoparticles were grown starting from a dispersed solution of bismuth salt [27], [28]. Synthesis was …
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The electrodeposition of tin, bismuth, and tin–bismuth alloys from Sn II and Bi III chlorometalate salts in the choline chloride/ethylene glycol (1:2 molar ratio) deep eutectic solvent was …
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The surface and section morphology of cathodic deposits were detected by scanning electron microscope (SEM, TESCAN MIRA4 LMH). Surface profilometer (Zygo Newviewer 7100) with a scan area of 1.88 mm × 1.41 mm was used to acquire the three-dimensional (3D) images. ... Compared with traditional chloride system, the bismuth …
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By artfully combining thermodynamic and kinetic features of the thermally-evaporated bismuth, various sizes of core–shell bismuth nanoparticles are fabricated on a large-area silicon substrate using a …
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Downloadable (with restrictions)! Lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) and supercritical CO2 (SCO2) heat exchangers are highly recommended and designed due to their compactness and high thermal efficiency. During heat exchanger operation, however, undesired particle impurities are generated, which deposit on the surface and degrade heat transfer. To …
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Deposition of nanosized amino acid functionalized bismuth oxido clusters on gold surfaces Annika 1Morgenstern, 1Rico Thomas 2, Apoorva Sharma1, Marcus Weber, Oleksandr Selyshchev, Ilya Milekhin 1, Doreen Dentel4, Sibylle Gemming,3, Christoph Tegenkamp4, Dietrich R.T. Zahn,1,3, Michael Mehring2,3, Georgeta Salvan1 1 …
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Unlike BP, bulk bismuth (Bi) is a semimetal with an ultra-small indirect band overlap of 30-40 meV and possesses unique electronic properties in the presence of strong magnetic field. 15-17 At room …
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