Treatment Refractory Copper Ores
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- Treatment Refractory Copper Ores
The primary purpose of this review paper is to present the hydrometallurgical processes that currently exist in the mining industry for the treatment of silver, copper, and gold ores, as well as ...
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In this study, the refractory behavior of Kaletaş ore was investigated within a diagnostic approach Pretreatment of the ore via roasting and ultrafine grinding prior to cyanide leaching was also examined to enhance the …
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In refractory gold-bearing concentrates, the gold metal is generally contaminated and encapsulated either in a sulfide matrix or in quartz, while the efficiency of the extraction of gold is low due to the …
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Recent studies showed that microbial treatment of refractory ore increased the extraction of metal than conventional chemical extraction. Therefore, …
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Refractory gold evaluation testwork services. Refractory gold ores generally contain sulphide minerals, and as such, a primary flotation stage is the obvious choice to concentrate the sulphides into a smaller mass for downstream pre-treatment prior to cyanidation rather than whole of ore processing.
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In this regard, nitric acid can be also used to readily destroy the gold-bearing phases such as pyrite and arsenopyrite and recalcitrant silver sulphides in refractory gold and silver ores ...
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The ongoing depletion of gold and silver-containing ore deposits demands a shift towards the processing of more complex sources. Leaching of gold or silver from these sources, which are named refractory and are typically low-grade, can be complicated due to one or more of the following effects: (1) kinetic or thermodynamic impediments on …
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Refractory gold ores require pre-treatment to achieve sufficient gold recovery. Roasting, flotation, pressure oxidation ... For example, disulfite (S 2 O 5 2−) can interfere with the gold leaching process, and sulfur and ammonia copper polysulfides may precipitate on the gold surface during thiosulfate gold leaching [15,16,17]. A high ...
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These complex ores can be referred to as refractory when they do not respond efficiently to standard metallurgical operations. For example, these ores may be composed of minerals which a) decrease ...
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Gold telluride ores are important gold refractory ores due to the presence of sulfides and other gangue materials. The classification and main physical properties of gold telluride ores were described, and possible treatment methods including flotation, leaching, and oxidation were reviewed. The results show that flotation procedures are …
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Today, with a stringent economic and environmental climate prevailing in the copper business, there is increased interest in evaluating new processing alternatives for production. Hydrometallurgical pressure oxidation of copper concentrates is one of the more viable approaches, and several technological candidates have emerged. Of these, …
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The conventional treatment of copper–gold concentrates involves smelting, converting and electro-refining to produce a copper-cathode product. Sulfur in the …
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Oxidized copper ores are exhibiting increasingly their importance as copper resources as worldwide high grade copper sulfide deposits become depleted. Extensive …
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Rose and Newman's very comprehensive book, The Metallurgy of Gold, does not even contain the term refractory in its latest, fourth edition (1937). 1 Dorr and Bosqui's Cyanidation and Concentration of Gold and Silver (2d edition, 1950) has a brief chapter (XIII) on "Cyanicides and Refractory Ores," with only four pages devoted to ...
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Numerous researchers have explored various methods to enhance the leaching rate of copper from cupriferous mica or other refractory copper oxide ores. …
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Copper–gold ores form a type of refractory gold ore. Large quantities of this ore type are available for processing. Cyanide treatment of ores with a high cyanide soluble copper to gold ratio is unfavourable due to high cyanide consumption resulting from the formation of copper–cyanide complexes.
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In case of copper and gold, low-grade ores have significant value to the industries. ... metal recovery from refractory ores, and heavy metals treatment are emphasized. Further, microbes as biosorbents, its application in bioremediation, and its applicability in industries are also discussed. Future perspectives, challenges, gaps, and ...
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The nanosecond HPEMP treatment showed promising results in the treatment of gold refractory ores due to high efficiency and selectivity in the disintegration of mineral complexes. ... Flotation behaviour of gold during processing of porphyry copper-gold ores and refractory gold bearing sulfides. Minerals Engineering 10: 895–908.
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In particular, ores taken from primary sulfide-containing deposits of gold such as pyrite and arsenopyrite are known as free ores due to their high recovery with cyanide [1, 2].In contrast to free ores, refractory ores are the ores where 80–90% recovery of gold/silver cannot be achieved with classical cyanidation, but recoveries are …
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Examples of non-refractory gold ores include placer, free milling and oxidized ores. Gold particles in the non-refractory gold ores are not locked, and nearly 95% of the gold from non-refractory gold ores can be recovered by gravity concentration and/or direct cyanidation. The treatment options for non-refractory gold ores are shown in Fig. 5.1.
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Globally, copper, silver, and gold orebody grades have been dropping, and the mineralogy surrounding them has become more diversified and complex. The cyanidation process for gold production has remained dominant for over 130 years because of its selectivity and feasibility in the mining industry. For this reason, the …
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leaching method mainly treats copper oxide through a wet process and is typically used for the extraction of copper in low-grade and residual ores.20–22 The combination of flotation and metallurgical processes is effective for refractory copper oxide recovery and is the main development direction for this sorting technology.
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In the context of its processing, gold deposits are typically classified, for the purposes of simplification, as: 1) free milling, and 2) refractory ores (including complex and carbonaceous). Based on their mineralogical characteristics and their mineral processing techniques required to liberate them, however, gold ores can be classified further.
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The research of bacterial peroxidation is quite active. The technology started to process ores in the 1950 s, and at first leached to recovery copper from the low-grade copper ore or marginal copper ore. In the mid-1980 s, the first commercial plant which applied bacterial oxidation to pretreat refractory gold ores was built in South Africa.
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Recently, worldwide production of gold from copper-gold ores has increased and amounted to 20% of total gold production in 2009. Copper-gold ores prove difficult to treat with conventional cyanide ...
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The treatment of refractory copper ores by the segregation process— E. T. Pinkney and N. Plint 41 In treating calcitic and dolomitic ores, the first question is the possibility of the …
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2.1 Materials and reagents. All the reagents used in the experiment, such as sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4), nitric acid (HNO 3), copper sulfate (CuSO 4), sodium thiosulfate (Na 2 S 2 SO 3), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH), were analytically pure, and the water used in the whole experiment was deionized water with the electrical resistivity of 18.5 …
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Oxidized copper ores are exhibiting increasingly their importance as copper resources as worldwide high grade copper sulfide deposits become depleted. Extensive chemical and technological efforts have been made to meet the demand of exploitation …
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Roasting is one of the most effective ways of rendering refractory gold ores leachable as well as being a fast pretreatment 615 616 M. G. Aylmore process compared with bio-oxidation or pressure leaching. ... Treatment of a refractory gold-copper sulfide concentrate by copper ammoniacal thiosulfate leaching influence of milling on gold ...
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Pretreatment is an indispensable process in the treatment of refractory gold ores by cyanidation. An efficacious pretreatment process can eliminate almost all negative effects caused by harmful substances in the ore (e.g., sulfides and carbonaceous materials). ... They perform more satisfactorily in treating copper-gold or refractory …
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Outotec can deliver the 3 main oxidative processes for the treatment of refractory gold concentrates – BIOX, pressure oxidation, and roasting – and also supply equipment for ultra-fine grinding as a fourth, non-oxidative treatment option. ... For refractory ores, oxygen enrichment is an effective way to reduce process gas volume ...
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